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codes/matrixMul/Makefile

+################################################################################
+#
+# Copyright 1993-2015 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# NOTICE TO USER:
+#
+# This source code is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and
+# international Copyright laws.
+#
+# NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOURCE
+# CODE FOR ANY PURPOSE.  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+# REGARD TO THIS SOURCE CODE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
+# OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
+# OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE
+# OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.
+#
+# U.S. Government End Users.  This source code is a "commercial item" as
+# that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995), consisting  of
+# "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software
+# documentation" as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995)
+# and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.
+# Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through
+# 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire the
+# source code with only those rights set forth herein.
+#
+################################################################################
+#
+# Makefile project only supported on Mac OS X and Linux Platforms)
+#
+################################################################################
+
+# Location of the CUDA Toolkit
+CUDA_PATH ?= "/usr/local/cuda"
+
+# Set the execution size
+SIZE=8192
+BUILD_TIMER=0
+
+##############################
+# start deprecated interface #
+##############################
+ifeq ($(x86_64),1)
+    $(info WARNING - x86_64 variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=x86_64 instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= x86_64
+endif
+ifeq ($(ARMv7),1)
+    $(info WARNING - ARMv7 variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=armv7l instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= armv7l
+endif
+ifeq ($(aarch64),1)
+    $(info WARNING - aarch64 variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=aarch64 instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= aarch64
+endif
+ifeq ($(ppc64le),1)
+    $(info WARNING - ppc64le variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=ppc64le instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= ppc64le
+endif
+ifneq ($(GCC),)
+    $(info WARNING - GCC variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use HOST_COMPILER=$(GCC) instead)
+    HOST_COMPILER ?= $(GCC)
+endif
+ifneq ($(abi),)
+    $(error ERROR - abi variable has been removed)
+endif
+############################
+# end deprecated interface #
+############################
+
+# architecture
+HOST_ARCH   := $(shell uname -m)
+TARGET_ARCH ?= $(HOST_ARCH)
+ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 ppc64le armv7l))
+    ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+        ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 ppc64le))
+            TARGET_SIZE := 64
+        else ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),armv7l))
+            TARGET_SIZE := 32
+        endif
+    else
+        TARGET_SIZE := $(shell getconf LONG_BIT)
+    endif
+else
+    $(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_ARCH) for TARGET_ARCH!)
+endif
+ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+    ifeq (,$(filter $(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64-armv7l x86_64-armv7l x86_64-aarch64 x86_64-ppc64le))
+        $(error ERROR - cross compiling from $(HOST_ARCH) to $(TARGET_ARCH) is not supported!)
+    endif
+endif
+
+# When on native aarch64 system with userspace of 32-bit, change TARGET_ARCH to armv7l
+ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_SIZE),aarch64-aarch64-32)
+    TARGET_ARCH = armv7l
+endif
+
+# operating system
+HOST_OS   := $(shell uname -s 2>/dev/null | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]")
+TARGET_OS ?= $(HOST_OS)
+ifeq (,$(filter $(TARGET_OS),linux darwin qnx android))
+    $(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_OS) for TARGET_OS!)
+endif
+
+# host compiler
+ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
+    ifeq ($(shell expr `xcodebuild -version | grep -i xcode | awk '{print $$2}' | cut -d'.' -f1` \>= 5),1)
+        HOST_COMPILER ?= clang++
+    endif
+else ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+    ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64-armv7l)
+        ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),linux)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
+            ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
+            endif
+            ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
+            endif
+            export QNX_HOST
+            export QNX_TARGET
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/arm-unknown-nto-qnx6.6.0eabi-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-androideabi-g++
+        endif
+    else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64)
+        ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), linux)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
+            ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
+            endif
+            ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
+            endif
+            export QNX_HOST
+            export QNX_TARGET
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx7.0.0-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), android)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-android-g++
+        endif
+    else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),ppc64le)
+        HOST_COMPILER ?= powerpc64le-linux-gnu-g++
+    endif
+endif
+HOST_COMPILER ?= g++
+NVCC          := $(CUDA_PATH)/bin/nvcc -ccbin $(HOST_COMPILER)
+
+# internal flags
+#NVCCFLAGS   := -m${TARGET_SIZE} -Xptxas  -v -Xcompiler -fopenmp -g -G
+NVCCFLAGS   := -m${TARGET_SIZE} --ptxas-options=-v  -Xcompiler -fopenmp -g -G
+CCFLAGS     :=
+LDFLAGS     :=
+
+# build flags
+ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
+    LDFLAGS += -rpath $(CUDA_PATH)/lib
+    CCFLAGS += -arch $(HOST_ARCH)
+else ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),x86_64-armv7l-linux)
+    LDFLAGS += --dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3
+    CCFLAGS += -mfloat-abi=hard
+else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
+    LDFLAGS += -pie
+    CCFLAGS += -fpie -fpic -fexceptions
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+    ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-linux)
+        ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
+            GCCVERSIONLTEQ46 := $(shell expr `$(HOST_COMPILER) -dumpversion` \<= 4.6)
+            ifeq ($(GCCVERSIONLTEQ46),1)
+                CCFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
+            endif
+            LDFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
+            LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib
+            LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
+            LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf
+        endif
+    endif
+endif
+
+# Debug build flags
+ifeq ($(dbg),1)
+      NVCCFLAGS += -g -G
+      BUILD_TYPE := debug
+else
+      BUILD_TYPE := release
+endif
+
+ALL_CCFLAGS :=
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(NVCCFLAGS)
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(EXTRA_NVCCFLAGS)
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(CCFLAGS))
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(EXTRA_CCFLAGS))
+
+SAMPLE_ENABLED := 1
+
+ALL_LDFLAGS :=
+ALL_LDFLAGS += $(ALL_CCFLAGS)
+ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(LDFLAGS))
+ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(EXTRA_LDFLAGS))
+
+# Common includes and paths for CUDA
+INCLUDES  := -I$(CUDA_PATH)/samples/common/inc/
+LIBRARIES :=
+
+################################################################################
+
+# Gencode arguments
+#SMS ?=  35 37 50 52 60 61 70
+SMS ?=   70
+
+ifeq ($(SMS),)
+$(info >>> WARNING - no SM architectures have been specified - waiving sample <<<)
+SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(GENCODE_FLAGS),)
+# Generate SASS code for each SM architecture listed in $(SMS)
+$(foreach sm,$(SMS),$(eval GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(sm),code=sm_$(sm)))
+
+# Generate PTX code from the highest SM architecture in $(SMS) to guarantee forward-compatibility
+HIGHEST_SM := $(lastword $(sort $(SMS)))
+ifneq ($(HIGHEST_SM),)
+GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM),code=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM)
+endif
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
+EXEC ?= @echo "[@]"
+endif
+
+################################################################################
+
+ALL_LDFLAGS+= -DBUILD_TIMER=$(BUILD_TIMER)
+ALL_CCFLAGS+= -DBUILD_TIMER=$(BUILD_TIMER)
+
+# Target rules
+all: build
+
+build: matrixMul
+
+check.deps:
+ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
+	@echo "Sample will be waived due to the above missing dependencies"
+else
+	@echo "Sample is ready - all dependencies have been met"
+endif
+
+matrixMul.o:matrixMul.cu
+	$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(INCLUDES) $(ALL_CCFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
+
+matrixMul: matrixMul.o
+	$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ $+ $(LIBRARIES)
+
+run: build
+	$(EXEC) ./matrixMul -device=1 -wA=$(SIZE) -hA=$(SIZE) -hB=$(SIZE) -wB=$(SIZE)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f matrixMul matrixMul.o
+	rm -rf ../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)/matrixMul
+
+clobber: clean

codes/matrixMul/matrixMul.cu

+/**
+ * Copyright 1993-2015 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Please refer to the NVIDIA end user license agreement (EULA) associated
+ * with this source code for terms and conditions that govern your use of
+ * this software. Any use, reproduction, disclosure, or distribution of
+ * this software and related documentation outside the terms of the EULA
+ * is strictly prohibited.
+ *
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Matrix multiplication: C = A * B.
+ * Host code.
+ *
+ * This sample implements matrix multiplication as described in Chapter 3
+ * of the programming guide.
+ * It has been written for clarity of exposition to illustrate various CUDA
+ * programming principles, not with the goal of providing the most
+ * performant generic kernel for matrix multiplication.
+ *
+ * See also:
+ * V. Volkov and J. Demmel, "Benchmarking GPUs to tune dense linear algebra,"
+ * in Proc. 2008 ACM/IEEE Conf. on Supercomputing (SC '08),
+ * Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2008, pp. Art. 31:1-11.
+ */
+
+// System includes
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+
+// CUDA runtime
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
+
+// Helper functions and utilities to work with CUDA
+#include <helper_functions.h>
+#include <helper_cuda.h>
+#include <omp.h>
+
+#if BUILD_TIMER == 1
+static double timer;
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Matrix multiplication (CUDA Kernel) on the device: C = A * B
+ * wA is A's width and wB is B's width
+ */
+template<int BLOCK_SIZE>
+__global__ void matrixMulCUDA(float *C, float *A, float *B, int wA, int wB) {
+	// Block index
+	int bx = blockIdx.x;
+	int by = blockIdx.y;
+
+	// Thread index
+	int tx = threadIdx.x;
+	int ty = threadIdx.y;
+
+	// Index of the first sub-matrix of A processed by the block
+	int aBegin = wA * BLOCK_SIZE * by;
+
+	// Index of the last sub-matrix of A processed by the block
+	int aEnd = aBegin + wA - 1;
+
+	// Step size used to iterate through the sub-matrices of A
+	int aStep = BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+	// Index of the first sub-matrix of B processed by the block
+	int bBegin = BLOCK_SIZE * bx;
+
+	// Step size used to iterate through the sub-matrices of B
+	int bStep = BLOCK_SIZE * wB;
+
+	// Csub is used to store the element of the block sub-matrix
+	// that is computed by the thread
+	float Csub = 0;
+
+	// Loop over all the sub-matrices of A and B
+	// required to compute the block sub-matrix
+	for (int a = aBegin, b = bBegin; a <= aEnd; a += aStep, b += bStep) {
+
+		// Declaration of the shared memory array As used to
+		// store the sub-matrix of A
+		__shared__ float As[BLOCK_SIZE][BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+		// Declaration of the shared memory array Bs used to
+		// store the sub-matrix of B
+		__shared__ float Bs[BLOCK_SIZE][BLOCK_SIZE];
+
+		// Load the matrices from device memory
+		// to shared memory; each thread loads
+		// one element of each matrix
+		As[ty][tx] = A[a + wA * ty + tx];
+		Bs[ty][tx] = B[b + wB * ty + tx];
+
+		// Synchronize to make sure the matrices are loaded
+		__syncthreads();
+
+		// Multiply the two matrices together;
+		// each thread computes one element
+		// of the block sub-matrix
+#pragma unroll
+
+		for (int k = 0; k < BLOCK_SIZE; ++k) {
+			Csub += As[ty][k] * Bs[k][tx];
+		}
+
+		// Synchronize to make sure that the preceding
+		// computation is done before loading two new
+		// sub-matrices of A and B in the next iteration
+		__syncthreads();
+	}
+
+	// Write the block sub-matrix to device memory;
+	// each thread writes one element
+	int c = wB * BLOCK_SIZE * by + BLOCK_SIZE * bx;
+	C[c + wB * ty + tx] = Csub;
+}
+
+void constantInit(float *data, int size, float val) {
+	for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+		data[i] = val;
+	}
+}
+
+double mysecond() {
+	struct timeval tp;
+	struct timezone tzp;
+	int i = gettimeofday(&tp, &tzp);
+	return ((double) tp.tv_sec + (double) tp.tv_usec * 1.e-6);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Run a simple test of matrix multiplication using CUDA
+ */
+int matrixMultiply(int argc, char **argv, int block_size, dim3 &dimsA,
+		dim3 &dimsB) {
+	// Allocate host memory for matrices A and B
+	unsigned int size_A = dimsA.x * dimsA.y;
+	unsigned int mem_size_A = sizeof(float) * size_A;
+	float *h_A = (float *) malloc(mem_size_A);
+	unsigned int size_B = dimsB.x * dimsB.y;
+	unsigned int mem_size_B = sizeof(float) * size_B;
+	float *h_B = (float *) malloc(mem_size_B);
+
+	// Initialize host memory
+	const float valB = 0.01f;
+	constantInit(h_A, size_A, 1.0f);
+	constantInit(h_B, size_B, valB);
+
+	// Allocate device memory
+	float *d_A, *d_B, *d_C;
+
+	// Allocate host matrix C
+	dim3 dimsC(dimsB.x, dimsA.y, 1);
+	unsigned int mem_size_C = dimsC.x * dimsC.y * sizeof(float);
+	float *h_C = (float *) malloc(mem_size_C);
+
+	if (h_C == NULL) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to allocate host matrix C!\n");
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	cudaError_t error;
+
+	error = cudaMalloc((void **) &d_A, mem_size_A);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf("cudaMalloc d_A returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	error = cudaMalloc((void **) &d_B, mem_size_B);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf("cudaMalloc d_B returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	error = cudaMalloc((void **) &d_C, mem_size_C);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf("cudaMalloc d_C returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	// copy host memory to device
+	error = cudaMemcpy(d_A, h_A, mem_size_A, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf("cudaMemcpy (d_A,h_A) returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	error = cudaMemcpy(d_B, h_B, mem_size_B, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf("cudaMemcpy (d_B,h_B) returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	// Setup execution parameters
+	dim3 threads(block_size, block_size);
+	dim3 grid(dimsB.x / threads.x, dimsA.y / threads.y);
+
+	// Create and start timer
+	printf("Computing result using CUDA Kernel...\n");
+
+	// Performs warmup operation using matrixMul CUDA kernel
+//	if (block_size == 16) {
+//		matrixMulCUDA<16> <<<grid, threads>>>(d_C, d_A, d_B, dimsA.x, dimsB.x);
+//	} else {
+//		matrixMulCUDA<32> <<<grid, threads>>>(d_C, d_A, d_B, dimsA.x, dimsB.x);
+//	}
+
+//	printf("done\n");
+//
+//	cudaDeviceSynchronize();
+
+	// Allocate CUDA events that we'll use for timing
+	cudaEvent_t start;
+	error = cudaEventCreate(&start);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create start event (error code %s)!\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error));
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	cudaEvent_t stop;
+	error = cudaEventCreate(&stop);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create stop event (error code %s)!\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error));
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	// Record the start event
+	error = cudaEventRecord(start, NULL);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to record start event (error code %s)!\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error));
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	// Execute the kernel
+	int nIter = 1;
+#if BUILD_TIMER == 1
+	printf("BEFORE START KERNEL %lf\n", mysecond() - timer);
+	double t1 = mysecond();
+#endif
+	for (int j = 0; j < nIter; j++) {
+		matrixMulCUDA<32> <<<grid, threads>>>(d_C, d_A, d_B, dimsA.x, dimsB.x);
+		cudaDeviceSynchronize();
+	}
+
+#if BUILD_TIMER == 1
+	double exec_time = mysecond() - t1;
+	printf("KERNEL EXECUTION TIME %lf\n", exec_time);
+#endif
+
+	// Record the stop event
+	error = cudaEventRecord(stop, NULL);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to record stop event (error code %s)!\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error));
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	// Wait for the stop event to complete
+	error = cudaEventSynchronize(stop);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				"Failed to synchronize on the stop event (error code %s)!\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error));
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	float msecTotal = 0.0f;
+	error = cudaEventElapsedTime(&msecTotal, start, stop);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				"Failed to get time elapsed between events (error code %s)!\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error));
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+#if BUILD_TIMER == 1
+	// Compute and print the performance
+	float msecPerMatrixMul = msecTotal / nIter;
+	double flopsPerMatrixMul = 2.0 * (double) dimsA.x * (double) dimsA.y
+			* (double) dimsB.x;
+	double gigaFlops = (flopsPerMatrixMul * 1.0e-9f)
+			/ (msecPerMatrixMul / 1000.0f);
+	printf(
+			"Performance= %.2f GFlop/s, Time= %.3f msec, Size= %.0f Ops, WorkgroupSize= %u threads/block\n",
+			gigaFlops, msecPerMatrixMul, flopsPerMatrixMul,
+			threads.x * threads.y);
+#endif
+
+	// Copy result from device to host
+	error = cudaMemcpy(h_C, d_C, mem_size_C, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf("cudaMemcpy (h_C,d_C) returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	printf("Checking computed result for correctness: ");
+	bool correct = true;
+
+	// test relative error by the formula
+	//     |<x, y>_cpu - <x,y>_gpu|/<|x|, |y|>  < eps
+	double eps = 1.e-6; // machine zero
+#if BUILD_TIMER == 1
+	t1 = mysecond();
+#endif
+
+#pragma omp parallel for shared(h_C, correct)
+	for (int i = 0; i < (int) (dimsC.x * dimsC.y); i++) {
+		float abs_err = fabs(h_C[i] - float(dimsA.x * valB));
+		float dot_length = dimsA.x;
+		float abs_val = fabs(h_C[i]);
+		float rel_err = abs_err / abs_val / dot_length;
+
+		if (rel_err > eps) {
+			printf("Error! Matrix[%05d]=%.8f, ref=%.8f error term is > %E\n", i,
+					h_C[i], dimsA.x * valB, eps);
+#pragma omp critical
+			{
+				correct = false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+#if BUILD_TIMER == 1
+	exec_time = mysecond() - t1;
+	printf("CMP TIME %lf\n", exec_time);
+#endif
+	printf("%s\n", correct ? "Result = PASS" : "Result = FAIL");
+
+	// Clean up memory
+	free(h_A);
+	free(h_B);
+	free(h_C);
+	cudaFree(d_A);
+	cudaFree(d_B);
+	cudaFree(d_C);
+
+	printf(
+			"\nNOTE: The CUDA Samples are not meant for performance measurements. "
+					"Results may vary when GPU Boost is enabled.\n");
+
+	if (correct) {
+		return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+	} else {
+		return EXIT_FAILURE;
+	}
+}
+
+/**
+ * Program main
+ */
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+#if BUILD_TIMER == 1
+	timer = mysecond();
+#endif
+	printf("[Matrix Multiply Using CUDA] - Starting...\n");
+
+	if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **) argv, "help")
+			|| checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **) argv, "?")) {
+		printf("Usage -device=n (n >= 0 for deviceID)\n");
+		printf("      -wA=WidthA -hA=HeightA (Width x Height of Matrix A)\n");
+		printf("      -wB=WidthB -hB=HeightB (Width x Height of Matrix B)\n");
+		printf(
+				"  Note: Outer matrix dimensions of A & B matrices must be equal.\n");
+
+		exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	// By default, we use device 0, otherwise we override the device ID based on what is provided at the command line
+	int devID = 0;
+
+	if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **) argv, "device")) {
+		devID = getCmdLineArgumentInt(argc, (const char **) argv, "device");
+		cudaSetDevice(devID);
+	}
+
+	cudaError_t error;
+	cudaDeviceProp deviceProp;
+	error = cudaGetDevice(&devID);
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf("cudaGetDevice returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+	}
+
+	error = cudaGetDeviceProperties(&deviceProp, devID);
+
+	if (deviceProp.computeMode == cudaComputeModeProhibited) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+				"Error: device is running in <Compute Mode Prohibited>, no threads can use ::cudaSetDevice().\n");
+		exit (EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	if (error != cudaSuccess) {
+		printf(
+				"cudaGetDeviceProperties returned error %s (code %d), line(%d)\n",
+				cudaGetErrorString(error), error, __LINE__);
+	} else {
+		printf("GPU Device %d: \"%s\" with compute capability %d.%d\n\n", devID,
+				deviceProp.name, deviceProp.major, deviceProp.minor);
+	}
+
+	// Use a larger block size for Fermi and above
+	int block_size = (deviceProp.major < 2) ? 16 : 32;
+
+	dim3 dimsA(5 * 2 * block_size, 5 * 2 * block_size, 1);
+	dim3 dimsB(5 * 4 * block_size, 5 * 2 * block_size, 1);
+
+	// width of Matrix A
+	if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **) argv, "wA")) {
+		dimsA.x = getCmdLineArgumentInt(argc, (const char **) argv, "wA");
+	}
+
+	// height of Matrix A
+	if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **) argv, "hA")) {
+		dimsA.y = getCmdLineArgumentInt(argc, (const char **) argv, "hA");
+	}
+
+	// width of Matrix B
+	if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **) argv, "wB")) {
+		dimsB.x = getCmdLineArgumentInt(argc, (const char **) argv, "wB");
+	}
+
+	// height of Matrix B
+	if (checkCmdLineFlag(argc, (const char **) argv, "hB")) {
+		dimsB.y = getCmdLineArgumentInt(argc, (const char **) argv, "hB");
+	}
+
+	if (dimsA.x != dimsB.y) {
+		printf("Error: outer matrix dimensions must be equal. (%d != %d)\n",
+				dimsA.x, dimsB.y);
+		exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	printf("MatrixA(%d,%d), MatrixB(%d,%d)\n", dimsA.x, dimsA.y, dimsB.x,
+			dimsB.y);
+
+	int matrix_result = matrixMultiply(argc, argv, block_size, dimsA, dimsB);
+
+	exit(matrix_result);
+}

codes/matrixMul/matrixmul.conf

+[DEFAULT]
+
+debug =True 
+
+# Name of the gdb executable
+gdbExecName = /usr/local/cuda-10.1.243/bin/cuda-gdb 
+
+# Which fault model to use, 0 -> single; 1 -> double;
+# 2 -> random; 3 -> zeros; 4 -> least 16 significant bits (LSB);
+# 5 -> least 8 significant bits (LSB)
+# If you want multiple fault models, place them separated by ','
+# faultModel = 0,2,3
+faultModel = 0
+
+# Injection site
+# Can be:
+# RF -> Register File
+# INST_OUT -> Instruction Output (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)
+# INST_composed -> Instruction Adress (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)
+#injectionSite = RF 
+
+injectionSite = INST_OUT 
+# Max time factor to finish the app, this will be multiplied by the application running time
+# For example if your app spend 2s, and the maxWaitTimes is 5, the max running time before it is
+# Considered as a crash is 10s
+maxWaitTimes = 5
+
+# binary file of the application
+# Must be full path
+benchmarkBinary = /home/badia/mycarol-fi/codes/matrixMul/matrixMul
+
+# Commands to set the session inside GDB environment
+benchmarkArgs =  -wA=8192 -hA=8192 -hB=8192 -wB=8192
+
+# CSV output file. It will be overwrite at each injection
+csvFile = results/mBlock_IO.csv
+
+# You should create a script on the benchmark source folder to verify GOLD_OUTPUT x INJ_OUTPUT
+goldenCheckScript = codes/matrixMul/sdc_check.sh
+
+# Number of signals that will be sent to the application
+seqSignals = 20
+
+# Initial sleep time in seconds before start sending signals
+# Generally the memory setup time
+initSleep = 2.1
+kernels=matrixMulCUDA
+section_begin=matrixMul.cu:259
+section_end=matrixMul.cu:264

codes/matrixMul/sdc_check.sh

+#!/usr/bin/sh
+# SDC checking diff
+# Must compare all things here
+# Any particular output comparison must be made here
+# To be considered as an SDC or CRASH the
+# DIFF_LOG and DIFF_ERR_LOG files must not be empty
+
+# INJ_OUTPUT_PATH, INJ_ERR_PATH, GOLD_OUTPUT_PATH, GOLD_ERR_PATH
+# are environment variables defined by the fault_injector.py
+
+# diff stdout
+diff -B ${INJ_OUTPUT_PATH} ${GOLD_OUTPUT_PATH} > ${DIFF_LOG}
+
+# Special comparison like the following one can be done in this script
+grep -q "Result = FAIL" ${INJ_OUTPUT_PATH} >> ${DIFF_LOG}
+
+# diff stderr
+diff -B ${INJ_ERR_PATH} ${GOLD_ERR_PATH} > ${DIFF_ERR_LOG}
+
+# Must exit 0
+exit 0
\ No newline at end of file

codes/mmElem/Makefile

+################################################################################
+#
+# Copyright 1993-2015 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.
+#
+# NOTICE TO USER:
+#
+# This source code is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and
+# international Copyright laws.
+#
+# NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOURCE
+# CODE FOR ANY PURPOSE.  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR
+# IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
+# REGARD TO THIS SOURCE CODE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+# MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+# IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+# OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
+# OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
+# OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE
+# OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.
+#
+# U.S. Government End Users.  This source code is a "commercial item" as
+# that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995), consisting  of
+# "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software
+# documentation" as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995)
+# and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.
+# Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through
+# 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire the
+# source code with only those rights set forth herein.
+#
+################################################################################
+#
+# Makefile project only supported on Mac OS X and Linux Platforms)
+#
+################################################################################
+
+# Location of the CUDA Toolkit
+CUDA_PATH ?= "/usr/local/cuda"
+
+# Set the execution size
+SIZE=8192
+BUILD_TIMER=1
+
+##############################
+# start deprecated interface #
+##############################
+ifeq ($(x86_64),1)
+    $(info WARNING - x86_64 variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=x86_64 instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= x86_64
+endif
+ifeq ($(ARMv7),1)
+    $(info WARNING - ARMv7 variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=armv7l instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= armv7l
+endif
+ifeq ($(aarch64),1)
+    $(info WARNING - aarch64 variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=aarch64 instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= aarch64
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(ppc64le),1) 
+    $(info WARNING - ppc64le variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use TARGET_ARCH=ppc64le instead)
+    TARGET_ARCH ?= ppc64le
+endif
+ifneq ($(GCC),)
+    $(info WARNING - GCC variable has been deprecated)
+    $(info WARNING - please use HOST_COMPILER=$(GCC) instead)
+    HOST_COMPILER ?= $(GCC)
+endif
+ifneq ($(abi),)
+    $(error ERROR - abi variable has been removed)
+endif
+############################
+# end deprecated interface #
+############################
+
+# architecture
+HOST_ARCH   := $(shell uname -m)
+TARGET_ARCH ?= $(HOST_ARCH)
+ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 ppc64le armv7l))
+    ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+        ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64 aarch64 ppc64le))
+            TARGET_SIZE := 64
+        else ifneq (,$(filter $(TARGET_ARCH),armv7l))
+            TARGET_SIZE := 32
+        endif
+    else
+        TARGET_SIZE := $(shell getconf LONG_BIT)
+    endif
+else
+    $(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_ARCH) for TARGET_ARCH!)
+endif
+ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+    ifeq (,$(filter $(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64-armv7l x86_64-armv7l x86_64-aarch64 x86_64-ppc64le))
+        $(error ERROR - cross compiling from $(HOST_ARCH) to $(TARGET_ARCH) is not supported!)
+    endif
+endif
+
+# When on native aarch64 system with userspace of 32-bit, change TARGET_ARCH to armv7l
+ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_SIZE),aarch64-aarch64-32)
+    TARGET_ARCH = armv7l
+endif
+
+# operating system
+HOST_OS   := $(shell uname -s 2>/dev/null | tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]")
+TARGET_OS ?= $(HOST_OS)
+ifeq (,$(filter $(TARGET_OS),linux darwin qnx android))
+    $(error ERROR - unsupported value $(TARGET_OS) for TARGET_OS!)
+endif
+
+# host compiler
+ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
+    ifeq ($(shell expr `xcodebuild -version | grep -i xcode | awk '{print $$2}' | cut -d'.' -f1` \>= 5),1)
+        HOST_COMPILER ?= clang++
+    endif
+else ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+    ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH),x86_64-armv7l)
+        ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),linux)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
+            ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
+            endif
+            ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
+            endif
+            export QNX_HOST
+            export QNX_TARGET
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/arm-unknown-nto-qnx6.6.0eabi-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= arm-linux-androideabi-g++
+        endif
+    else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),aarch64)
+        ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), linux)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-gnu-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),qnx)
+            ifeq ($(QNX_HOST),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_HOST must be passed to the QNX host toolchain)
+            endif
+            ifeq ($(QNX_TARGET),)
+                $(error ERROR - QNX_TARGET must be passed to the QNX target toolchain)
+            endif
+            export QNX_HOST
+            export QNX_TARGET
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= $(QNX_HOST)/usr/bin/aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx7.0.0-g++
+        else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS), android)
+            HOST_COMPILER ?= aarch64-linux-android-g++
+        endif
+    else ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),ppc64le)
+        HOST_COMPILER ?= powerpc64le-linux-gnu-g++
+    endif
+endif
+HOST_COMPILER ?= g++
+NVCC          := $(CUDA_PATH)/bin/nvcc -ccbin $(HOST_COMPILER)
+
+# internal flags
+#NVCCFLAGS   := -m${TARGET_SIZE} -Xptxas  -v -Xcompiler -fopenmp -g -G
+NVCCFLAGS   := -m${TARGET_SIZE} --ptxas-options=-v -Xcompiler -fopenmp -g -G
+CCFLAGS     :=
+LDFLAGS     :=
+
+# build flags
+ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),darwin)
+    LDFLAGS += -rpath $(CUDA_PATH)/lib
+    CCFLAGS += -arch $(HOST_ARCH)
+else ifeq ($(HOST_ARCH)-$(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),x86_64-armv7l-linux)
+    LDFLAGS += --dynamic-linker=/lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3
+    CCFLAGS += -mfloat-abi=hard
+else ifeq ($(TARGET_OS),android)
+    LDFLAGS += -pie
+    CCFLAGS += -fpie -fpic -fexceptions
+endif
+
+ifneq ($(TARGET_ARCH),$(HOST_ARCH))
+    ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH)-$(TARGET_OS),armv7l-linux)
+        ifneq ($(TARGET_FS),)
+            GCCVERSIONLTEQ46 := $(shell expr `$(HOST_COMPILER) -dumpversion` \<= 4.6)
+            ifeq ($(GCCVERSIONLTEQ46),1)
+                CCFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
+            endif
+            LDFLAGS += --sysroot=$(TARGET_FS)
+            LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/lib
+            LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib
+            LDFLAGS += -rpath-link=$(TARGET_FS)/usr/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf
+        endif
+    endif
+endif
+
+# Debug build flags
+ifeq ($(dbg),1)
+      NVCCFLAGS += -g -G
+      BUILD_TYPE := debug
+else
+      BUILD_TYPE := release
+endif
+
+ALL_CCFLAGS :=
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(NVCCFLAGS)
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(EXTRA_NVCCFLAGS)
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(CCFLAGS))
+ALL_CCFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xcompiler ,$(EXTRA_CCFLAGS))
+
+SAMPLE_ENABLED := 1
+
+ALL_LDFLAGS :=
+ALL_LDFLAGS += $(ALL_CCFLAGS)
+ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(LDFLAGS))
+ALL_LDFLAGS += $(addprefix -Xlinker ,$(EXTRA_LDFLAGS))
+
+# Common includes and paths for CUDA
+INCLUDES  := -I$(CUDA_PATH)/samples/common/inc/
+LIBRARIES :=
+
+################################################################################
+
+# Gencode arguments
+#SMS ?= 37 50 52 60 61 70
+SMS ?= 70 80 
+
+ifeq ($(SMS),)
+$(info >>> WARNING - no SM architectures have been specified - waiving sample <<<)
+SAMPLE_ENABLED := 0
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(GENCODE_FLAGS),)
+# Generate SASS code for each SM architecture listed in $(SMS)
+$(foreach sm,$(SMS),$(eval GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(sm),code=sm_$(sm)))
+
+# Generate PTX code from the highest SM architecture in $(SMS) to guarantee forward-compatibility
+HIGHEST_SM := $(lastword $(sort $(SMS)))
+ifneq ($(HIGHEST_SM),)
+GENCODE_FLAGS += -gencode arch=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM),code=compute_$(HIGHEST_SM)
+endif
+endif
+
+ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
+EXEC ?= @echo "[@]"
+endif
+
+################################################################################
+
+ALL_LDFLAGS+= -DBUILD_TIMER=$(BUILD_TIMER)
+ALL_CCFLAGS+= -DBUILD_TIMER=$(BUILD_TIMER)
+
+# Target rules
+all: build
+
+build: matrixMul
+
+check.deps:
+ifeq ($(SAMPLE_ENABLED),0)
+	@echo "Sample will be waived due to the above missing dependencies"
+else
+	@echo "Sample is ready - all dependencies have been met"
+endif
+
+matrixMul.o:matrixMul.cu
+	$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(INCLUDES) $(ALL_CCFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ -c $<
+
+matrixMul: matrixMul.o
+	$(EXEC) $(NVCC) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) $(GENCODE_FLAGS) -o $@ $+ $(LIBRARIES)
+
+run: build
+	$(EXEC) ./matrixMul -device=1 -wA=$(SIZE) -hA=$(SIZE) -hB=$(SIZE) -wB=$(SIZE)
+
+clean:
+	rm -f matrixMul matrixMul.o
+	rm -rf ../../bin/$(TARGET_ARCH)/$(TARGET_OS)/$(BUILD_TYPE)/matrixMul
+
+clobber: clean